
Class 
Book, 






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DELIVERED IN SCHENECTADY, N. Y. 



By HOOPER GUMMING, D. D. 

PASTOR OF THE THIRD PRESBYTERTAN CHURCH IN THE 
CITY OF ALBANY^ 



SCHENECTADY: 
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY ISAAC RIGGS. 

1821. 






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Schenectady, \Oth July, 1821. 
Rev. Hooper Gumming, 
Dear Sir, 

We present you with a Resolution, 
passed by the committee of arrangements, appointed 
by the corporation and military officers of this city, 
and beg leave to add our individual wishes, that you 
will comply with their request. 

" Resolved, unanimously, That the thanks of this 
committee be presented to the Rev. Hooper Gum- 
ming, for his eloquent, impressive and interesting 
Oration, delivered in this city on the forty-fifth Anni- 
versary of our Independence, and that he be solicit- 
ed to furnish a copy for publication, and that J. Bro- 
derick and J. B. Duane, be a committee to carry this 
resolution into effect." 

Extract from the minutes of the proceedings of the 
committee of arrangements. — 6th July, 1821. 

J. BRODERICK, 
J. B. DUANE, 

On behalf of the Committee of Arrangements, 



Albany, July 25th, 1821. 
Maj. J. Broderick and 
Lieut. J. B. Duane. 
Gentlemen, 

I did not receive your polite note until 
last evening, owing to my absence from the city. I 
send you, in compliance with the request of the com- 
mittee of arrangements, a copy of the Oration pro- 
nounced by me on the 4th inst. 

Most respectfully yours, 

HOOPER GUMMING. 



©3B^ipa(Dsi< 



>atmaao* 



EVERY civilized nation, has some day consecrated 
to patriotism and the deeds of heroes. Marathon and 
Thermopylae, Bannockburn and Boyne, Agincourt 
and Poictiers, the overthrow of the invincible Arma- 
da; the heights of Bunker, the plains of Trenton, 
Princeton, Saratoga, Monmouth, Yorktown ; the Nile 
and Trafalgar, Lodi and Marengo, Badajos and Sa- 
lamanca, Vittoria and St. Sebastians, Vimiera and 
Almeida, Leipsick and Waterloo, are all held in high 
and glorious remembrance. But that day which 
above every other, except the hallowed day of God, 
calls forth the gratitude, and inspires the zeal, and 
nerves the arm, and fortifies the resolution of the pa- 
triot, is the anniversary which we have now met to 
commemorate. 

The 4th of July, 17T6, is the proudest period in the 
annals of human liberty. It was then, that sages who 
surpassed the boasted models of antiquity — that sol- 
diers fired with the spirit of Leonidas — that a whole 
fiEition spurned the fetters of monarchy, and vowed 



by the God of Justice, that they would be free or pe- 
rish. The venerable matron poured her blessings on 
her first-born, as he girded himself for battle : fa- 
thers stimulated their sons by their own example : 
beauty's tear glistened as the dew-drop, and urged 
decision and a quick return : Even the sanctuary sent 
forth its streams, and ministers of the Lord invoked 
the spirit of the Highest, and grasped the sword of 
Gideon. 

An event so solemn and portentous, deserves to be 
traced to its first causes, and weighed in its results. 

Fellow-Citizens! The settlement of our country, is 
a subject on which we may dwell with the most de- 
lightful sensations. Whether we contemplate the 
magnitude of the enterprize, the decisive intellectual 
energy that prompted it, or the humble resignation to 
the allotments of divine providence, with which it was 
effected, we shall be alike lost in admiration, or over- 
whelmed by gratitude. We are not here compell- 
ed to search the impenetrable caverns of antiquity; 
nor do we roam, without a guide, through the wilds 
and mazes of fable and conjecture. The first adven- 
turers are not like the father of the Roman people, 
handed to us as the sucklings of a wolf; nor were 
they miserable fugitives, escaping from the remains 
of some ruined Troy; nor did they like the barbarous 



Goths and exterminating Vandals, leave their abodes 
in quest of plunder, and rapine, and devastation.- — > 
Smarting under the lash of persecution in the old 
world, they chose rather, like the ancient patriarch, 
peaceably to remove from their brethren, than to con- 
tinue subject to endless strife and collision — and fix- 
ing on a spot which had in a measure been abandoned 
by its former inhabitants ; by fair and honorable pur- 
chases and treaties, they obtained an amicable pos- 
session: and though their names have not reached us 
as the destroyers of mankind — though the clarion of 
conquest has not wafted the glory of their actions 
over seas of human blood; yet with honest exultation, 
we can dwell on their christian graces, their unpa- 
ralleled patience under suffering, their heroic forti-» 
tude, their generous magnanimity. 

Liberty, a celestial goddess, whose footsteps may 
be discovered on the misty hills, and whose most de- 
lightful haunts may be traced to the mountain top, 
though she does not unfrequently refuse her presence 
to the plain and the valley — who had for ages receiv- 
ed the homage of philosophers, and poets, and states- 
men in Greece — to whose divinity splendid altars were 
consecrated, and who had been driven by the ruth- 
less hand of tyranny from her loiterings on the shores 
of the Adriatic, was about to take her departure for 
ever from the abodes of civilized man, when she found 



8 

an asylum in America. Here, she erected her tern* 
pie: here, multitudes crowded its vestibule: under 
her steppings, these deserts burst into bloom and ver- 
dure, and the whole face of creation assumed a fresh- 
er, a more delightful loveliness. 

This country was discovered by the light of the re- 
formation. Wickliff, and Huss, and Jerome had been 
persecuted to heaven — but their doctrines remained 
on earth: and when Luther, and Calvin, and Knox 
arose, usurpation and bigotry were struck dumb. No 
longer could the monstrous tenets of the Pope's in- 
fallibility, and the divine right of kings, rule o'er the 
nations with unlimited sway. Mankind began to 
think: they reflected on their origin and their desti- 
nation. Stuno' by remorse for their past supineness, 
and ashamed of vassallage, they resolved to assert 
their native dignity, and if others were ennobled by 
titles, that they would be nature's noblemen. Alrea- 
dy had John's trembling and reluctant hand present- 
ed the magna charta. Already had the churches of 
Geneva taught, that "where the spirit of the Lord is, 
there is liberty." Already had the towers and domes 
of Protestant Europe, reflected the eff'ulgence of truth. 
But ecclesiastical tyranny, notwithstanding she had 
received a mortal blow, had not expired. She erect- 
ed once more her hydra-head, and began to revel, in 
imagination, over the downfall and desolation of man s 



9 

best hopes. False idea! The very controversy ex- 
cited research, and produced the developement of still 
juster principles of government, both in the church 
and state. And the colonists of Raleigh, the puritans 
of Plymoyth Rock, the Swedes of Jersey, the Dutch 
of Manhattan Island, and the adventurers of Ogle- 
thorpe, brought with them the germ of attachment 
to freedom, which before the close of the eighteenth 
century, produced precious fruit, that was for the 
healing, in due time, of all the nations. 

It was not to be rationally expected, that men 
whose minds were thus organized and illumined, 
whose principles were thus disciplined and chastened, 
and who in the school of suffering had been taught 
the most wholesome lessons of experience, would 
ever submit to the goadings of oppression. Accord- 
ingly, for years before the declaration of indepen- 
dence, again and again was the energetic voice of 
American remonstrance heard. It declared in tones 
of thunder, that freemen should not be taxed but by 
their own Assemblies, and with their own consent. — 
It denounced subjection to a British parHament in 
which they were unrepresented. The Britons, haugh- 
ty as they were ignorant, spurned at the suggestion of 
the fatal consequences which would grow out of their 
encroachments on the Rights of Man. " Quern Deus 
vult perdere prius deraentat." Never was this maxim 



10 

more fully verified. That liberty might exist un- 
shackled by conditions, and unterrified by the pos- 
sible approach of danger, the God of nations deliver- 
ed to the counsel of Ahithophel, North and his coad- 
jutors. He permitted the cup of conciliation to be 
drained to its dregs. Then the noble hearts of thir- 
teen colonies, resolved themselves into free and inde- 
pendent states. For the defence of freedom, which 
was their birth-right — for the protection of the pro- 
perty acquired by their honest industry — for the pre- 
servation of pure morals, uncontaminated by the ap- 
proach of English luxury — against violence actually 
offered — against the myrmidons of oppression, and in 
defiance of the execrations of eleven millions, they 
raised to Heaven the imploring eye, and gave the 
watch-word, onward, onward. 

That a people, without a well-tried and establish- 
ed system of government — without armies and with- 
out a navy — without experience in war — with an ex- 
tended and unprotected frontier, should with such 
promptitude, unanimity and energy, rise to meet, 
nay, to court approaching danger: should unhesitat- 
ingly laugh at the vengeance of a monarch whose 
friendship and alliance were sought with eagerness 
by the most powerful nations — whose armies, com- 
manded b^ the most experienced generals, were a 
terror to the world — whose navies rode triumphant 



11 

on every sea, and whose resources were incalculably 
great, is almost incredible. This day may return, and 
return, and return, but every year will bring with it 
increasing surprize and admiration. Howe, Cornwal- 
lis, Gage, Burgoyiie, Rodney, came to strangle the 
infant rebel — but it was an infant Hercules. Every 
breath gave a scope the most unbounded, to the de- 
velopement of the human faculties. Then was pre- 
sented to the world, a catalogue of patriots, who dis- 
played far more than Roman and Grecian virtue — of 
legislators infinitely superior to Numa and Lycurgus 
— and of statesmen, the most erudite, comprehensive 
and profound, that had ever been beheld. A more 
august assembly never convened under the canopy of 
yonder skies, than the first American Congress, at 
Philadelphia. The consequences of the severance by 
them proclaimed, in relation to the character, condi- 
tion and happiness of the human race, the interven-? 
tion of ages will be required to disclose. 

You are familiar with the history of the alternate 
depressions and elevations which distinguished the 
struggle of the revolution in America. I perceive in 
my audience, some hoary heads who partook largely 
both of the exultation and sufferings of that glorious 
period. Peace to your spirits, philanthropic and vir- 
tuous men ! It is an honour to address you. The pri- 
vations which you suffered, shall bind closely to our 



12 

hearts, our country and its cause. The success which 
crowned your disinterested and almost superhuman 
efforts, will encoura£:e us in the darkest davs. The 
gloomiest hour will not dishearten us; for we will re- 
member your devotion, and hear your shouts. On the 
altars which you built, we will sacrifice every selfish 
purpose. And, by the spirits of our sainted sires, we 
will swear to transmit to our children, untainted and 
without infraction, the blood-bought charter of our 
liberties. 

When our nation, like its leader, had only to take 
counsel from its courage, the most acute sufferings 
were anticipated. For more than seven years, the 
savage foe-man and the fiend-like Hessian, exhaust- 
ed their murderous propensities. The old man trem- 
bling beneath a weight of years ; the infant smiling 
on the glittering bayonet, pointed at its bosom ^ and 
the tender female swooning amidst her fears, were 
alike disregarded. Then beneath a burning sun, or 
through almost impenetrable snows, the father was 
torn from his shrieking family; and traitors and hire- 
lings applied the torch which drove from the peaceful 
cottage its inmates, whose flight was facilitated by 
the flames and by the crash. 

But he who pities the calamities of the innocent, 
and strikes off the fetters of the prisoner, inspired with 



13 

a lofty and unyielding patriotism, the band who ral- 
lied around Washington. Under his auspices, a civil 
war was conducted with blended mildness and ener- 
gy, and a revolution with perfect order, and with 
splendid and unparalleled success. 

Great- Britain had been indeed elate with her for- 
mer victories. All Europe stood in awe of her. Her 
arms made the thrones of the most powerful unstea- 
dy, and disturbed the tranquility of their states, with 
an agitation more extensive than an earthquake. "As 
the giant Enceladus is fabled to lie under Etna, and 
to shake the mountains when he turns his limbs, her 
hostility was felt to the extremities of the earth." 

It is not then surprizing, that the signal defeats she 
experienced in America, were regarded by the old 
world, as so many miracles; and that our final suc- 
cess exalted to the highest point their admiration. It 
does so still. For the consequences which grow out 
of the establishment of our independence, are the most 
important and extensive which ever resulted from an 
appeal to arms. 

The first that I shall notice, is the sound judgment 
which the revolution in America has enabled man- 
kind to form, respecting the motives which should 
prompt the leaders of armies, while in actual service, 



14 

and magistrates in a time of peace. It presented in 
the father of our country, lineaments of character, 
which, all who wish the public confidence, aspire to 
imitate. It now holds him forth, of whom a soldier 
and philosopher, who fought by his side, has truly 
said,* " Brave without temerity, laborious without 
ambition, generous without prodigality, noble with- 
out pride, virtuous without severity, he seems always 
to have confined himself within those limits where the 
virtues, by clothing themselves in more lively but 
more changeable colours, may be mistaken for faults. 
Let it be repeated, Conde was intrepid, Turenne 
prudent, Eugene adroit, Catinet disinterested. It is 
not thus that Washington will be characterized. It 
will be said of him, at the end of a long civil war, 
that he had nothing with which he could reproach 
himself. If any thing can be more marvellous than 
such a character, it is the unanimity of the public suf- 
frage in his favour. Soldier, magistrate, people, all 
love and admire him : all speak of him in terms of 
tenderness and the highest veneration." His exam- 
ple is before us. It attracts and fixes the gaze of his 
countrymen, like a newly discovered star, whose be- 
nign liffht will travel on to the worlds' and times' far- 
thest bounds. The deeds of his heroism and virtue, 
are told round many a fire-side. Over his grave the 
widow weeps, the orphan sheds a tear; while in the 
* The Marquis of Chastelleux. 



15 

hearts of all his countrymen, his memory is embalm- 
ed. His name cheers, and guides, and in every dan- 
ger saves. Already is it hung up by history, as con- 
spicuously as if it sparkled in one of the constella- 
tions of the sky. " Some future Plutarch will search 
in vain for a parallel to his character. Epaminondas 
is, perhaps, the brightest name of all antiquity. — 
Washington resembled him in the parity and ardour 
of his patriotism ; and like him, he first exalted the 
glory of his country. There the parallel ends — for 
Thebes fell with Epaminondas. But such compari- 
sons cannot be pursued far, without departing from 
the similitude." For, as the prince of American ora- 
tors* has declared, "We shall find it as difficult to 
compare great men as great rivers. Some we admire 
for the length and rapidity of their course, and the 
grandeur of their cataracts; others, for the majestic 
silence and fulness of their streams. We cannot bring 
them together to measure the difference of their 
waters. The unambitious life of Washington, de- 
clining fame, yet courted by it, seemed like the Ohio, 
to choose its long way through solitudes, diffusing fer- 
tility ; or like his own Potomac, widening and deep- 
ening his channel, as he approaches the sea, and dis- 
playing most the usefulness and serenity of his great- 
ness, toward the end of his course." 
* Hon. Fisher Ames. 



16 

The principles of his character, and the devoted- 
ness of his patriotism, are held in such high esteem, 
that an essential departure from them will soon con- 
sign to infamy and a private station, any aspirant for 
office. Demagogues may revile the useful magistrate 
— appeals may be made to the profligate — and arts 
practised for awhile on the unwary. But the people 
of this country cannot always be deluded. 

" Truth shall restore, tlie light by nature given. 
And like Prometheus, bring the fire from Heaven! 
Prone to the dust, oppression shall be hurled. 
Her name, her nature, withered from the world." 

If it be questioned, whether the hallowing influence 
of the American revolution, has alighted on the sons 
of those patriots who achieved it, ponder the unani- 
mity with which our constitution was adopted — the 
trivial amendments which have been made to it — the 
almost universal enthusiasm with which it is now 
hailed : reflect on Chippewa and Erie, on Bridgewa- 
ter and Niagara, on New-Orleans and Baltimore : and 
on the shouts which rent the air when the victories of 
Hull and Jones, of Decatur and Perry, of Bainbridge 
and Burrows and M'Donough, were spread through- 
out the land. Why is it, that Jackson is almost idol- 
ized? Because he is devoted to his country. In many 
respects, he resembles Washington, The father Hves 
in the son. And the same patriotism which crown- 



17 

ed the former chief, awards the laurel to the living 
hero. Opposition indeed he has received. "To be 
great, is to be envied." Traitors and squeamish po- 
liticians would have prescribed to him the same mode 
of warfare — the same tedious, protracted endurance 
— the same system of truces for savages and chris- 
tians. But his principles were properly humane. — 
He struck the blow with such promptitude, as to expel 
his enemy, and prevent in the issue, the effusion of 
rivers of blood. His conduct toward the Creeks and 
Seminoles, I have always regarded as perfectly jus- 
tifiable, under the peculiar circumstances by which 
he was surrounded. But at New-Orleans, he be- 
came pre-eminently entitled to the character of /)e- 
hverer. 

" He said, and on ihe rampart heights arrayed. 
His trusty warriors, young but undismayed : 
Firm-paced and slow, a horrid front they form. 
Still as the breeze, but dreadful as the storm. 
Low, murmuring sounds along their banners fly. 
Revenge or death — the watch-word and reply: 
Then pealed the notes omnipotent to charm. 
And the loud tocsin toU'd their last alarm. 
On Mississippi's waves, the ruins glow. 
His blood-dyed waters murmuring far below. 
Hark ! as the invader's hopes despairing fall, 
A thousand shrieks for hopeless mercy call ! 
Earth shook — red meteors flashed along the sky. 
And conscious nature shuddered at the cry '" 
3 



18 

No nation i» more brave and patriotic than our 
own. From the American revolution we receive our 
principles. It taught effectually, that a people shall 
be free, who resolve on liberty. 

But the effects are still more benign and extensive. 
Throughout the civilized world, the representative 
system is regarded with such reverence, that nothing 
but the hireling legions of despots, prevents its uni- 
versal reception. The blasphemously entitled Holy 
Alliance, that league contrived by Satan, and upheld 
by his emissaries, the tyrant Alexander, the bloated 
Lewis, the selfish Francis, the debauched George, 
shall not always thrive. The principles of the Nea- 
politans and Sardinians only sleep to be refreshed : 
and the time shall come, when the successful strug- 
gle of America, will emancipate the universe. Com- 
merce, science, the arts, religion owe to her eternal 
gratitude. Ye ministers of the altar ! as ye unmo- 
lestedly pursue your high and holy calling, remember 
your obligations to the champions of your liberties, 
and exclaim, ''If we forget you, fathers of our coun- 
try, who bled for the cities of our God, may our right 
hand forget her cunning:. If we do not remember 
you, let our tongue cleave to the roof of our mouth." 
Seminaries of learning rise in the wilderness : and Ye, 
precious youth, the solace of your parents, the pride 
of genius, the hopes of your country, are indebted to 



19 

the disinterested and devoted efforts of such men as 
Warren, Montgomery, Knox, Hamilton, Schuyler, 
Lincoln, Gates, Putnam, Maxwell, Ogden, Forman, 
Stirling, Dayton, Clinton, Morgan, St. Clair, Sulli- 
van, La Fayette, Pickering, DeKalb, Steuben, Pinck- 
ney, Willett, for the lights of science which now pour 
on your literary researches, and for all that serenity 
and pleasure which you enjoy in this seat of the mu- 
ses. Letters are more durable than marble. Long 
since, the monuments of Trajan and Agricola, have 
perished ; but the glory of the one and the virtues of 
the other, shall exist for ever embalmed by the genius 
of Pliny and of Tacitus. Egypt, by her panegyrics, 
first taught the world the influence of posthumous glo- 
ry, to create wise Magistrates, illustrious heroes, and 
virtuous citizens. Greece, by the aid of her laurel 
and her ivy, of her statuaries and her painters, and 
above all, of her historians and her orators, rendered 
her citizens, the admiration and the envy of the uni- 
verse. 

My Fellow-Citizens ! imitate then the example of 
the Deliverers of your country. Among the very first 
lessons which you practice, regard the whole Union 
as your parent, and frown into annihilation, the ac- 
cursed spirit of party. It is a foe that sooner or later 
destroys every valuable principle of civil liberty, and 
saps the foundation of every free government. To 



20 

prove this, we need only unfold the page of history, 
and instance the fate of the three most celebrated re- 
publics of antiquity. If we examine into the causes 
which either immediately or remotely led to their des- 
truction, we shall trace them, as all arising from the 
influence of party feuds. Athens, the cradle, if not 
the birth-place of the arts and sciences, fell a victim, 
not so much to the ambition as to the fears of indivi- 
duals. Her heroes found no safety, but by becoming 
the masters instead of the servants of the people, be- 
cause of the introduction of the fell spirit of party. — 
The populace were taught that their best benefactors 
had become the enemies of their liberty. Hence 
sprung jealousies, heart-burnings, and all those wild, 
ungovernable passions which form the many-headed 
monster of civil dissension. Wild uproar stalked in 
the face of day: both sides resorted to arms: and the 
victor became the tyrant of the very instruments of 
his elevation. 

Carthage, which succeeded Tyre in the commerce 
of the globe, rose rapidly in wealth and power, and 
disputed with Rome, the empire of the world. Led 
by the immortal Hannibal, her armies lorded over the 
fields of Italy, and threatened her proud capital with 
swift destruction. Already the Roman Eagle clap- 
ped his wings for flight — already, her proud towers 
nodded to their fall— when in the centre of Carthage, 



21 

arose jealousies and animosities which saved Rome. 
The mighty Carthagenian chief was stopped short in 
his career for want of appropriate supphes : he re- 
treated : was overpowered : and in a few years Car- 
thage was no more. 

The liberties of Rome, the pre-destined mistress of 
the world, were often martyred at the shrine of party 
rasre. It was this that effected the banishment of 
Camillus. Her guardian hero now no longer there, 
Rome sunk beneath the fury of the Gauls, and be- 
came a prey to the devouring flames. It was this 
which generated the struggle of Sylla and Marius — a 
struggle that terminated in the domination of one of 
the bloodiest tyrants that ever disgraced the name of 
man : and at last, the dissensions of Pompey and Cae- 
sar led to the firm establishment of an absolute mon- 
archy. On the plains of Pharsalia, lies buried the ge- 
nius of ancient Rome. On that memorable day, the 
sun of her liberty went down, never to rise again. 

With such awful examples before him, of the fatal 
effects of disunion, every honest American must de- 
precate an undue party-spirit. Those who expect to 
be gainers by working on the malignant passions of 
mankind, and who hope to rise on the wreck of civil 
liberty, those only have dared to infuse into the 
hearts of my countrymen the deadly poison. The 



22 

very existeiH^e of free government depends on an un- 
ion of principle in the mass of the people. This, this, 
is the master-column which supports the fabric. That 
once gone, the edifice lies prostrate in the dust, 
or trembles the sport of every breath of popular opi- 
nion. Unite then, my countrymen, and be for ever 
happy. It is only internal division that can wrest 
from you the blessings you enjoy. The sword of a 
foreign enemy we dread not. Secure in the bonds of 
union, invincible is our strengths— our peace and 
freedom are immortal. The world may confederate 
its powers, and proudly threaten our destruction : — 
We laugh them to scorn. Strong in the bulwark of 
millions of united freemen, the guardian genius of our 
native land, high towering on a rock of adamant, 
shall scatter the accumulated host, and vindicate the 
independence of his country. 

On a day like this, let us vow to be brethren — to 
banish all selfish purposes — to forget all former ani- 
mosities, and live alone for our common countrv. 

" America ! my dear, mj native soil. 

For whom my warmest wish to heaven is sent ! 

Long may thy hardy sons of rustick toil 

Be blest with health, and peace, and sweet content ! 

And oh ! may heaven their simple lives prevent 

From luxury's contagion, weak and vile ! 

Then howe'er crowns and coronets are rent^ 



23 

A virtuous populace may rise a band. 

And be a wall of fire around their much-loved land. 

Oh thou who poured the patriotic tide 

That stream'd through Washington's undaunted heart, 

Who dared to nobly stem tyrannick pride. 

Or nobly die the second glorious part : 

(The patriot's God peculiarly thou art. 

His friend, inspirer, guardian and reward !) 

O never, never, our blest realm desert. 

But still the patriot and the patriot bard 

In bright succession raise, her ornament and guard !" 

Thus with little alteration, adapted to our local 
circumstances. Burns prayed for Scotland. Be his 
sentiments engraven on our hearts ! And oh, may his 
patriotic fervour dilate our bosom ! 

Soldiers ! The vale of the Mohawk witnessed the 
glorious deeds of your fathers! They said, " we have 
met the enemy, and they are ours." Victory perch- 
ed on their standard, for it was the banner of unyield- 
ing courage. The savage yell was hushed to silence, 
and the tomahawk no longer affrighted the frontier 
settlements. Imitate their heroism: and whenever 
your country calls, look at the declaration of inde- 
pendence, and in the language of the immortal Wal- 
lace, *' Remember that God armeth the patriot !" 



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